Individal Differences in Insider Feelings

Who has insider-outsider ? Everyone has them. However, the strength of these kinds of feelings varies a great deal from person to person. Some people have little insider-outsider feeling and do not discriminate at all. Others have very strong insider feelings. They join organizations made up of people interested in criticizing or even harming those they consider outsiders. Sometimes these organizations have speakers who travel around encouraging listeners to discriminate against certain outsiders. They may also print newspaper or pamphlets (sometimes called "hate sheets") containing articles the writers hope will increase insider-outsider feelings.

These are extremes, of course. Most Americans have opinions and feelings somewhere in between. 

Questions about what kind of people tend to have strong insider-outsider feelings are important. so are questions about the causes of such feelings. Better answers to these questions will eventually help to improve human relationship. But what is important at moment are the specific problems which result from these feelings --- the discrimination against certain people.

Following are several case studies and examples of discrimination in America.

As you read each piece, identify

1. The group discriminated against.

2. The problem being created by discrimination.

3. Reasons why the treatment of the outsider is unfair.

Social scientists often conduct surveys and experiments to find out more about discrimination.
In the early summer season several years age, two Northern newspapers carried advertisements for a total 100 different reports. A social scientist, S.L. Wax, tried and experiment. He wrote two letters to ............... 

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Marriage in Tarong

Where will he find a wife? what kind of wife? where will her husband come from? What kind of person will he be? What happens if he or she never gets married? these are important questions for most human groups, including the people of Tarong. Because of their importance these questions and their answers control behavior.

Here, William Nydegger describes how a Tarong boy obtains a wife.

When a Tarong boy decides he wants to marry, he calls on his father, another man known to be a good speaker, and several relatives. These people (but not the boy) go to visit the parents of the chosen girl.

The visitors make a formal marriage request. But the girl's parents give only vague answers. The visitors may hint about the property the boy's father will give to the couple. If the girl's parents are interested, they will set a date for another meeting. At that time the girl's answer will be given.

The girl may appear during these meeting and reject the boy. She can say "I am too young." or give some similar excuse. If she does not, it is proof that she is thinking about saying "Yes."

At the second meeting her answer is given. If the answer is "yes," another meeting date is set. They may also immediately start discussing the property and gifts the boy's father will give to the new family. More meetings may be held to settle the marriage contract. A final, short meeting is held to plan the marriage feast.

The bride and groom go through elaborate rituals on their wedding day, beginning with the wedding ceremony in the church in the nearest town. Feasting and dancing last much of the day. Finally everyone meets for the reading of the marriage contract and the transfer of property to the new couple.

The ceremonies end with the two families competing in donating money to the new couple. A large amount of money is usually collected in this way.

1. All Tarong boys and girls know about the procedures leading to a marriage. How might this act as a social control on both boys and girls as they are growing up ?
2. Do you think this type of social control would be more effective for children of wealthy or poor families ? Why /
3. Occasionally Tarong couple will elope and get married without the approval of their parents. Sometimes the parents never accept the marriage. What pennalties might be imposed on the couple ? How would the treat of penalty act as a social control ?

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